How deep can a CNC router cut?
The depth a CNC router can cut depends on several factors, including the router's Z-axis travel, the length of the cutting tool, and the material being cut.
Z-axis travel: The Z-axis travel determines the maximum vertical movement of the spindle and, subsequently, the cutting tool. Generally, CNC routers have a Z-axis travel ranging from a few inches up to several inches (e.g., 3 to 12 inches). The greater the Z-axis travel, the deeper the router can cut in a single pass.
Cutting tool length: The length of the cutting tool (end mill, router bit, etc.) also influences the maximum cutting depth. Longer cutting tools allow for deeper cuts, but they may be more prone to deflection and vibration, which can affect the quality of the cut.
Material properties: The type and hardness of the material being cut will also impact the cutting depth. Softer materials like wood, foam, and plastics can typically be cut deeper in a single pass compared to harder materials like metals, which often require shallower passes to avoid excessive tool wear, overheating, or material deformation.
In practice, cutting depth is often determined by the specific requirements of the project and the capabilities of the CNC router being used. It is essential to consider factors such as cutting tool geometry, spindle power, and cutting speed to optimize the cutting depth for a given material and achieve the best results.
For most applications, it is common to use multiple passes with incremental cutting depths to reach the desired depth, especially when working with harder materials or intricate designs. This approach helps reduce tool wear, minimize the risk of tool breakage, and improve the overall quality of the cut.
